Hedda Gabler Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hedda Gabler - Essay ExampleShe is never happy and her recognise for Tesman is close to non-existent.For Hedda, this marriage to Tesman is a sham and she simply cannot bear to live with him. Coming from a blotto family from higher social class, she has more refined tastes, a better sense of the world and a only different way of thinking. She doesnt submit to passion like Tesman does and is usually disgusted by exaggerated expressions of felicity by Tesman. Not only does she suffer from unwanted love, she is also clearly bored with her existence. As a woman of a wealthy well-known family, she had been accustomed to a different kind of life- one that Tesman cannot fall out her.Hedda is bored out of her wits and this results in developing dangerous habits. One such habit is vie with pistols as we see in one scene where she equates fiddling with pistols with complete tediousness. When Judge Brack tells her not to reckon with pistols, she responds with a sheer sense of exasperatio n Then what in heavens name would you have me do with myself and when he inquires if she had had any visitors, she retorts, Not one. I suppose all our circle are still out of town. (p. 284) This boredom leads to complete loss of mind as the woman starts contemplating suicide and finally kills herself.Married to Hedda was a chairman aspirant, Jurgen Tesman. Tesman is a coward. He wants to please Hedda and is dying to attain professorship but he fails to understand his inner(a) cowardice. He feels inferior to Hedda and his constant efforts to please her have only backfired. She is simply disgusted by him and his attempts at pleasing her have failed because they indicate debileness. Tesman is also not as intelligent or learned as he would have himself believe. Eliert is his main rival and when it seems that he might just get professorship, Tesman steals his disseminated multiple sclerosis. However Tesman is not really a bad person. He wants to abide by the law and would love to re turn the manuscript but in a moment of weakness, he had stolen it. This theft leads to Eliert death and sets Tesman on the path of a brighter career. Tesman knew that with Eliert present, there was no real chance of succeeding since Eliert was a young man of considerable intelligence. He is the main rival of Tesman. He loves his work to death. It is the loss of his work that actually results in the tragic exit of his untimely death. Eliert respects Mrs. Elvsted who had tried to help him with his work and to avoid hurting her, he tells her nothing active the theft and instead says he had torn it. Hedda encourages him to kill himself because she herself has become neurotic and death is a fantasize for her. Eliert takes the pistol but doesnt kill himself. His death is an accident and the lack of beauty of his death causes Hedda to kill herself. The person who had helped Eliert throughout his career was Mrs. Elvsted. Thea Elvsted is a lonely woman suffering from a loveless marriage. She cannot bear to substantiation neglected and thus moves from one man to another in search of affection. But she is a weak and timid person who is quite the opposite of Hedda. Hedda is manipulative while Thea is selfless. She seeks to gain affection of men in her life but doesnt try to manipulate them. Hedda is however not the only manipulative character in the story. Judge Brack is as much as opportunist as Hedda. He is happy to take value of people and their situations. He is a good match to Heddas manipulative tactics. He knows it was Hedda

Nash Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nash - Case Study ExampleIn this proposed direct mail race, Kaminsky is non til now sure which grouping of clients he would send it. Having enumerated these factors against the direct mail campaign, this campaign is likely to fail that like its predecessor even with the catchy phrases that Kaminsky has to consider as they do not relate to the melodic line and are corny to say the least.Advertising in the industrys national journal of world resource management in Canada through the Canadian HR Reporter is more appropriate in Kaminskys second promotional attempt. True, Kaminsky have already advertised in magazines before but it was not focused on his target clientele which are HR professionals so it had a lower put on the line of success. In advertising to a human resource journal, Kaminkys chance of success is higher in advertising in Canadian HR Reporter considering that 72% of its subscribers are decision makers of his target market. It is excessively an efficient use of m arket budget considering that he will be hitting directly the group of people that avails of their service. Compared to the direct mail which Kaminsky is not even sure which group of prospective customers he should the eyeglasses.Kaminsky thusly should push for advertising in the Canadian HR Reporter for a full page for a month. He could reduce the exposure as well as the expenditure in the succeeding campaign by reducing it to a half page as a follow through to his initial advertisement of one full page.Malkam is a Cross Cultural Training Company founded by Laraine Kaminsky in 1989 as a home based business that provided English as a second words (ESL) training. The company eventually grow that by 1999, Malkam employed 10 full time staff with a database of approximately 65 consultants. Competition however is also growing strong and Malkam had to exert promotional marketing efforts to expand its clientele base and continue the growth of the

IT Strategy class paper - Read case and discuss current challenges & Study

IT Strategy class paper - Read and discuss current challenges & recommendations - reason Study ExampleThe industry gradually gave birth to other related industries like elevator operate, sustentation etc (genus Otisline, 2).Otis Elevators always remained on top of the competition. Since the time it was founded, it managed to form and maintain its reputation as the outperform in the industry of elevators. The fact that it provided services along with the product made it even more fashionable and the quality remained credible. Owing to its reputation customers were often willing to pay premium price for Otis services (Otisline, 1).Otis elevators had three branches Otis Hydraulics (for up to 6 story buildings), Otis Geared (for 24 story buildings) and Otis Gearless for higher buildings. The state-of-the-art elevators with higher capacity than usual, Otis was customers first choice (Otisline, 1).Otis was divided in four geographical areas North American Operations, Latin American Op erations, Pacific champaign Operations and European Transcontinental Operations. North American Operation (NAO) had the most widely dispersed customer base because of the large geographical area it catered to and also because there was a variety of customers to attend. The need to soften easy communication with the customers occurred and so Otisline was formed (Otisline, 1).Otisline was the main customer service centre of Otis NAO. It was naturalized so that customers could easily contact the company, give feedback, lodge complaints etc. This way, Otis secured its customers loyalty by exploitation easy communication.Otis was a de modify organization but the new system it installed, Otisline, was centralized. A centralized system was launched for focusing on faster responses to telephone callbacks. Customers rate quality of services consort to the way they are responded by the firm and the time it takes for responding. Commercial answering services were used for non-prime-time call backs and the

Bubbles on the South Sea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bubbles on the s come forthh Sea - Essay ExampleAccording to a website The bubble is usually followed by a jerky drop in prices known as crash. This is a significant drop in the pith value of a market, almost undoubtedly to the popping of a bubble, creating a situation wherein the majority of investors atomic number 18 trying to flee the market at the same time and consequently incurring massive losses. And rottenly affects everyone. The inevitable crash came and the strain proved to much to many conjugation stock companies. The immediate motion was the activities of the southeastern Sea Company. It had been formed to engage in trading in the South Seas, but it also has engaged in the funding of the national debt in return for monopolistic privileges.The bad repute of this joint stock companies had led to the passage of the Bubble Act for the regulation of companies in the main attempt to resist panic. Bubble Act declared that only companies formed by charter or by a privat e act of parliament were legal.The South Sea Company was reasonably successful. It was chartered by the political science for trade in South America and South Sea. The relationship between the political relation and the company created authorization and high expectations. In the history, they were given the monopoly of trading in the Pacific Ocean and along the coast of South America, made an offer to the organization to pay off the whole National Debt and to buy up the unredeemable annuities, according to Melville amounting of 800,000 a year, provided the different public securities were consolidated into one fund in their hands and the government gave the company certain exclusive commercial privileges. In spite of the limited privileges conceded to it in the Asiento by Spain, been extremely successful in the slave trade. This means according to (Colliers Encyclopedia) that they have the right for 30 years to total Spanish-America colonies with 4,800 slaves annually and to s end to Porto Bello and Vera Cruz a trading ship of 500 tons a year. A negotiation being settled with the South Sea Company. This right was handed over the company which underwrote the English national debt, on a promise of 5% from the government.The most question was whether the fund-holders would convert their stock for shares in the company, for they could not compelled to do so. According to (Caleb W.) The brilliant prospects held out by the directors of the gold and silver lands awaiting exploitation in South America, crowded into the rush for shares. Its shares immediately rose to 10x their value from 110 rose to 1000, speculation ran fruity and all sorts of joint stock companies, fraudulent or merely optimistic were formed. Its price soared within a few weeks, people realized that it was greatly overpriced and prices fell. Thousands were financially ruined. The South Sea Prosecution of whatsoever of those concern served to open the eyes of the public to the recklessness of its own scheme, and its shares dropped with the result that few sold out enormous profits, the majority of those who hold on were ruined and result of financial cataclysm. The Bubble had burst, ruining thousands of families. The disaster happened in South Sea Bubble almost wealthy persons in the kingdom had become members of the government to involved in manipulating of the company. Robert Walpole un his time did much to restore national credit. According to (Caleb, W) he makes arrangement and show 9 million which

Communication Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Communication Management - Essay ExampleThis creates tight discontent with the melodic line as well as disengages the employee from the functional aspect of the job. Secondly, employees who redeem access to teaching of interest about the organization are able to give more informed inputs about the job and functionality. Lack of resource access could lead to frustration and lack of motivation and ultimately failure (Kaliprasad 2006, p. 22).These issues in communication are at one time related to Hobbys mission, core values and culture as a top-end seat manufacturer. The companys mission statement is well known as being smaller but better. To this, we must look at ourselves how we can develop better communication and gain an entrepreneurial spirit that encourages taking the initiative to pee-pee changes. The proposed change is entree the electronic market, which traditionalists in the company are concerned with as it may directly affect who we are as a company. There is no dou bt that employees follow Hobby because they institutionalize our leadership. It is now time that Hobby enter into a communication initiative in preparation for entering differing global (and electronic) markets.As a large firm, however, Hobby is often imbued with strategic processes and policies disseminated from a formal prep system (Pearce and Robinson 2004). Hobby has traditionally held high employee morale but is currently faced with low business and changes should be approached by open communication. In this, the ideal strategic management team includes decision-makers from all ternary company levels (the corporate, business, and functional) (Pearce and Robinson 2004, p. 15). For example, some Canadian firms have implemented an every employee is a leader program, where all employees have equal and viable inputs towards the organization (Noe et al 2002). As leadership incorporates communication into the organization to allow employees excessively openly and without fear of retribution deliver questions, concerns and ideas, the value of leadership increases. Employees commitment and trust towards the organizations leaders rise up as their voices are heard (Noe et al 2002). The

Comparative evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Comparative evaluation - Essay suitSimply relying on the idea of watching horror movies does not in any way stain all of us to be abnormal. In fact, I am aware of a good bend of people who dislike watching horror movies. In my view, his generalizations give those with contrary opinion enough reasons to restoration his argument.On the other hand, Shanker Vedantam is exploring the manner in which our brains process tragedy and empathy by considering the telescope effect. The chief(prenominal) argument present in this text is that telescope effect in gracious brain is prudent for human behaviour where a person would care so much for the good of a a couple of(prenominal) rather than the good of the many. The choice to use real life examples in countering possible counterarguments makes the claim that the cause makes believable.Finally, Sheila McClain, in her article Fitness Culture A growing Trend in America, is discussing how credit endorsements of fitness centres is graduall y increasing but doing very little to maintain the motivation of those clients. The arguments she is presenting here is on how human minds can easily be manipulated. It is shocking people end up doing things simply because a celebrity has endorsed only to feel less motivated after a while. She handles counterarguments by presenting examples in real

Are you ready for the Big Data Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Are you ready for the Big Data - Coursework ExampleThe competitor company had utilize this ability to carry out myriad of experiments in the real world giving it a rivalrous advantage. The main point the authors put crossways is that big data collection is the game changer in the 21st century somatic world. Big data has the potential to revolutionalize the management practices. The authors pose a quarrel to the companies to decide whether they are ready to exploit the potential of big data and to manage the threats it could pose effectively. The ataraxis of the article explores the important ways in which big data could transform the competition in the corporate world, alter the corporate ecosystems and improve innovation. One of the major elements of organization development is effective communication across all organizational sectors and also extending to external stakeholders such as the suppliers. This article lays emphasis on the immenseness of sharing data across the dif ferent lines of business such as finance, management, production and sales and marketing. It pass on calls for integration of the organizations data system with suppliers, data systems in order to accrue benefits such as blink stock replenishment and real-time price adjustment. It argues that the tendency of many companies to accumulate huge volumes of data in their silos and other forms of information hoarding impedes timely exploitation of this data. This is not in line with essentials for organization development. Organizations want to open these data enclaves and integrate data from various systems.

Reading Response Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reading Response - Article ExampleFor instance, in order to bring out a word that connote a plural of two in Arabic, individuals are supposed to rack up een in that word. Look at this example, the word quiz in position it is going to be quizeen and an at is added to quiz to make it quizat when there are more than two quizzes. This became a common trend and terminology like friendeen-friendat, teachereen-teacherat, sistreen-sistrat, and classeen-classat were commonly in use by both instructors and students. Whats more, the author is supporting smiths (1976, pg. 12) argument which state any outside(a) language must serve both the local anesthetic and the international needs by developing a foresightfulside other languages. Subsequently, the author fails to elucidate to us the effectuate this assumption will have in causing more complications in the communication process between the natives and non-natives.Conversely, it is significant to note that English as one of the internati onal languages is losing its monopoly to control the world socio-economic due to the topic of the new translation technology. The increase of new translation technology has risen concerned on how long English language, will continue to dominate the other local and international languages. Therefore, can we conclude that the emergence of the new translation technology will affect English as one of the predominant international languages?Additionally, Quirk et al (972 pg. 28) argued that for English language to serve the appropriate purpose of pedagogical, the instructors and academic administrators must aim seriously involved in the exploration for appropriate policies that will determine the standardization. Global teaching of English language should be integrated. Besides this, individuals like Kachru (1997, pg. 10) argued that the spread of English in both inner circle, outer(prenominal) cycle, and expanding circle has led to development of many

Evidence Base Practice of Repeat Cesarean Sections and Vaginal Birth Research Paper

Evidence Base Practice of Repeat Cesarean Sections and Vaginal drive home after Cesarean Section - Research Paper ExampleThe important aspect to highlight in each of the two is the underlying benefits and risks of each method of child birth. There progress to been observed cases of retell cesarean as well as that of vaginal birth after cesarean section (VBAC). These aspects leave alone be explored in this paper and evidence of practice presented. Repeat Cesarean Sections Health care specialists claim noticed the rising cesarean numbers around the world. These specialists alongside other associate experts stimulate begun campaigns to barrack for reduced cesareans. Women have intentionally and unintentionally opted for cesarean sections. Some cesarean sections have been involuntarily administered, slice others have been termed voluntary. When a woman is on labor and fails to give birth the normal way, surgical teams have been availed to address the issue by carrying out a C-sec tion in a bid to help oneself the mother. Some cesareans have been carried out on voluntary grounds. Women who are capable of delivering normally have had to bear up under cesarean section by choice (Menacker 2003). Cesarean sections have increased maternal-newborn health complications. working(a) procedures have been associated with a number of complications that affect both the mother and the newborn. Increased cesareans have also resulted to increased monetary value of health care especially in the US. This is so due to the health care financing modes of the distinguishable states. However, whether the C-section is intentional, unintentional, voluntary or involuntary, the benefits and risks of its practice are important to consider. It is also important to outline what benefits and risks continue to aforethought(ip) or unplanned cesarean. An unplanned cesarean is carried out during labor, when it is established that the mother is not in apposition to deliver normally. This has been termed as an emergency in many reproductive health care institutions. Surgical teams are provided in delivery rooms in case of an emergency. On the other hand, a planned cesarean is a voluntary one. The woman prefers to undertake a cesarean instead of going by the natural birth giving process. Medical researchers have

Analysis between Life and Death in Shanghai and woman at point zero Essay

Analysis between Life and Death in Shanghai and woman at point zero - Essay ExampleIts an autobiography of the agent herself. It is a tale of woman who had been struggling for survival, dignity between the authoritarian of the Cultural Revolution. Her crime was just now her class backdrop and a enthusiasm to life. She got arrested in the late 1966 after the The Red Guards looted her house. The retain tells the story of Nien Cheng, when she got arrested all through the Cultural Revolution and was caught up in jail for more than 6 years. She was pressurized to accept the fake accuse that she was a spy for the imperialists. She refused to do so and lived a life in prison, luxuriant of misery and torture. Finally, she was released in 1973 and found out that her daughter, Meiping, who was going to school to become an actress was also bump off by The Red Guards, although, police told her that she has committed suicide.Cheng found this by investigating herself, and thought that the wh ole shoes which was told by the police was impossible. Later she got relocated towards a two bedrooms apartment with one of her relative. Till 1980, Cheng lived in China than she moved towards United States. (Cheng, Nein., 1987).On the other hand, the book Women at Point Zero is scripted by Nawal El Saadawi. It is story which is based on the life of a woman namely, Firdaus. She is an ex-prostitute and was accused for the discharge of a pimp. She refuses to talk to anyone in or out of the prison. However, Firdaus, agreed to talk with the author, who is a psychologist as well, on the tenth day of living in the prison. Gradually, she tells the author about the history of her life. In past, Firdaus life was full of abuse, abandonment, oppression, people taking advantage of her and people whom she met nearly rejected her from child to the adulthood. She was born in a farming society to an offensive father. Foremost important thing in the book is that Firdaus describes pleasure compara ble to pain and pain which is same like pleasure. After her parents

A company profile Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

A company profile - Essay ExampleIn addition, it entirely owns a functioning berth tummy in Singapore.The company majorly takes part in the development, manufacture and operation of bighearted power plants. It uses modern equipment and technology (Meyer and Lu 2005, 63). Also, it makes use of domestic and international capital. The power plants for this company be advanced in terms of technology rendering them efficient and stable (Dietz Orr and Xing 2008, 22). Founded on power industry, this corporation puts emphasis on breakthroughs in management, technology and in organizational systems (YU and YU 2010, 10). These exceptional features have enabled it to break numerous records and create various milestones among its competitors and peers as far as power technology and construction and management of power plant is concerned (Dietz Orr and Xing 2008, 22). The whole labor productivity of this corporation is ranked amongst the top in topical anaesthetic power industry. Examining H ainan Nuclear forefinger Company limited as well as Huaneng Shidaowan Nuclear Power Company, Huaneng power international company has gotten into the sector of nuclear power (YU and YU 2010, 10). In the meantime, it actively incorporates different industries, though strongly investing more on the coal, shipping and harbor industries. This has strengthened the companys adroitness to personally supply coal.The Company considers power industry as its center business (Meyer and Lu 2005, 63). It holds on to the Green Development viewpoint and carries on to pace up structural amendments (YU and YU 2010, 10). The Company struggle to perfect the growth of coal-fired power, robustly develop hydropower, and dynamically build up wind power, solar power aboard other types of modern energy (Dietz Orr and Xing 2008, 22). It strives to build up nuclear power, and goes on with developing natural gas-fired power, to be able to boost the quantity of low-carbon

American Constitution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

American brass - Essay Exampled government of the unite Sates operated, until the founding fathers called for the Federal Convention, during which the initial work that had produced the 13 Articles of Confederation, which were incorporated into the Constitution, re opening the Declaration of Independence. There is no other(a) country that, since its birth, has been control by the same document that was created at the sequence of the countrys birth. Fourth, we be intimate that the Constitution is vague enough in its guarantees as to be flexible and applicable with changing times, to the present modernity often referred to as the New Age. Thus, the United States Constitution is a living document a finely crafted living document. It is non the product of happenstance or chaos, but is the product of collaborative philosophies that guided the American forefathers in framing the document so that it would continue to live, and would survive the test of time.It was only later on five socio-economic classs of debate and discussion that, in 1781, the Articles of Confederation were ratified (Jenson, M., 1950, p. 3). These 13 Articles serve as the Preamble of the American Constitution. What this period of time shows, is that the debate about the ensuing Constitution were serious and time consuming debate. The original 13 Articles of Confederation, while they were enough to prevent the country from sliding into chaos were not sufficient in content or wide enough in breadth that they covered ever facet of government with which the founding fathers knew that the new government, and subsequent governments, would need to govern with. So, when we consider the element of time, it is indicative, by the amount of time that it was before the 13 Articles of Confederation were ratified that is the first indication that the American Constitution is a finely crafted document.The second indication that the American Constitution was well thought out, is that for the eight year p eriod following the ratification of the Articles of

Employment Resourcing Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Employment Resourcing - Coursework usageIt is one of the most prestigious awards in the hospitality industry and was awarded to the Taj Group in 2002 for the trounce practices in employ resourcing found in the hospitality industry. The concern formulated the Taj People Philosophy (TPP) which incorporated the strategies use in affair resourcing. The key components of employment resourcing The management at the Taj Group recognized that employees were the orders most important assets. In alignment with this prioritizing, the management formulated the TPP. This philosophy provides a framework in which the strategies in employment resourcing can be aligned to the strategies focus of the company, which is to provide the silk hat node attend to in the industry. Unless the employees are motivated to work for the company, they will not be willing to put their best efforts forward in providing the best possible customer service in the industry. Therefore the management has to stomac h attention to the fact that the organizational objectives related to customer service are aligned to the employment objectives of providing the best workplace for the employees to work in. ... For example, the employees accumulated points for their acts of kindness and hospitality. Employees who gained the highest points reached the highest level. The STARS program motivated the employees to perform to the highest level possible so that they could gain the points to reach the higher levels of recognition. This program acted as a motivational tool for the employees to go beyond their usual duties and responsibilities and provide extra care in customer service. As a result the company attained enhanced service standards which enabled the company to generate repeat customers. The STARS program serves to illustrate that strategies in employment resourcing can lead to a sustainable competitive advantage from building a loyal customer base. The strategies of employment resourcing motivat e the employees to perform to a higher level, thus enhancing the reputation of the company. The Taj Group also utilise the Balanced Scorecard System. This was a performance management system which was implemented even at the concluding levels of the organizational hierarchy. This performance management system enabled the employees to perceive how their work was linked to the strategic focus of the company. As a result the employees were able to take their avouch initiatives in enhancing the service standards. Because the employees were motivated to improve their own performance, the management could lower spending in formulating training and development programs. This was a positive outcome from employment resourcing because it is severe to estimate the return on investment in training and development programs. Therefore the managements objective is to minimize spending in training and development since the return from this spending is difficult to quantify. The

The development of a marketing plan Personal Statement

The development of a trade think - Personal Statement ExampleThe ancestry entrepreneur desires to launch a new line of merchandise of interior ornamentation. The telephone circuit segment of interior decoration is highly competitive in nature. The entrepreneur would not be able to successfully expelling its stage business without the help of an appropriate marketing plan. Tastes and preferences of the individuals change drastically, when it comes to interior decorations. Thus, the mogul would face high expenses in business innovation and manufacture process. Moreover, the discounts offered by the potential rivals (Wal-Mart, Home-Depot) in the market would create price pressures on the entrepreneur. The apostrophize of inputs (catalogue resources like pottery barn) used in interior decorations are as well as increasing with time. So, if the entrepreneur aspires to run its new business successfully he must set up an appropriate marketing plan for the business (SBA, 2013).The entrepreneur would never be able to fruitfully market its business serve if the goals and objectives of the marketing plan are not set at the beginning. The goals and objectives of the marketing plan for the interior calculative business are-The desired objectives of the business plan should be measurable in terms of target. The target of 15% growth in sales and 10% growth in profit should be achievable in reality. The target should be attained in a span of say 5 years from the ascertain of inception of the business. It is considered that the above mentioned objectives for the marketing plan are not only specific but also achievable for the business (Westwood, 2005).The interior designing business should offer excellent services to the business clients. The designing should not only be a mark of class, but should also be superior in terms of quality. The company should maintain admirably designed retail outlets and should offer other complementary services that would impress the clients. The

International Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words - 3

International Business Strategy - establish Examplealso factors related to consumer viewpoint in their willingness to sample youthful products with untrusted or unknown in the altogether competitive players, based also on their traditional cultural values. These factors need to be considered prior to entering Spain as a viable profit probability. However, evidence provides that the growth rates in Spain associated with consumer willingness to purchase restless products makes this a quality opportunity if late methods to undercut these values can be accomplished finished marketing or other innovative communications methods.Spain represents a tremendous virgin market opportunity that is marked with sustained growth, despite problems that exist in labour shortages and the presence of a highly set labour market. It is recommended to pursue this strategy of expansion into the Spanish marketplace and improve long-term manufacturing and R&D capabilities in the process.Conducting tune in the Middle Eastern markets is considerably different than that of Spain, both at the business and economic levels as well as cultural. These factors must be taken into consideration in coiffure to develop a business model that can bring higher profitability and growth to the friendship entering this new market. The company described is a mobile communications manufacturer, specialising in the development of new consumer mobile technology products. Spain is marked with an uncertain labour market as well as a radically different cultural tendency that is present at the employee level as well as in relation to how managers conduct routine organisational processes. This report identifies the factors that will impede or enhance new market entry, via Greenfield entry, by reporting on issues which will directly impact success in this new market entry strategy.The consumer electronics market in Spain has experienced a steady growth rate of 10.8 portion between 2004 and 2008 (forb es.com 2010). This represents a consumer market that is adopting new technologies,

Halliburton Essay Example for Free

Halliburton hearOne of the or so important functions for any organization to succeed in any particular means is prep aredness. Planning is an activity that enables companies and their employees to understand the companys purpose and its strategical direction so that they stinkpot align themselves to it. This paper will discuss the importance of supply at Halliburton Company and analyze the extremity to which it impacts the jural, ethical and CSR issues in the organization. Furthermore, it will discuss three pointors that cave in an influence on the companys strategic, tactical, operable and contingency planning. Halliburton Company was established in 1919 in Houston, Texas with a second headquarter in Dubai, UAE. shortly employing everyplace 50,000 people, it is a massive multinational and global leader in the energy serve celestial sphere operating in more than 70 countries. Using its technological edge in its operations and assistant from its world-class human resource, Halliburton has demonstrated outstanding growth and development in the energy sector over the past several decades.Its focus on innovation dates back to its early years when its founder, Erle P. Halliburton initiated his oil color salutary cementing business by building a wooden mixing box only by hiring a wagon, a team of mules and a pump in Oklahoma. Careful planning and effective strategies kick in enabled Halliburton to prevail as the market leader in the energy sector for almost a century now. Its planning strategies are comprehensive, focused on global changes and follow the Think globally, act locally theme.Halliburton anxiety envisions the fact that for global survival it is essential to adopt different methodologies in different countries. For this purpose, it operates from 2 headquarters Texas, the oil hub of the West and Dubai, the trading hub of Asia and Europe. The number one priority of Halliburton is to provide competitive, safe and superior quality p roducts and services. Halliburton management maintains that in order to ensure business continuity they must explore the unexplored separate of the world for newer energy reserves bringing in environmental concerns.Thus, at that place are several instances when embodied Social Responsibility and other issues have an impact on the planning of Halliburton and its strategy planning. There are often differences in the legal framework of different countries, for example, the British and American laws pertaining to environmental exploration have different clauses. This results in differences in the local planning of up access steps to be taken by Halliburton in maintaining its market position and extending its operations. Ethics also play a key role in shaping up its policies and plans for the future.Environmental concerns, consideration for animal and plant wildlife are some of the factors the Halliburton management takes into neb when planning its activities. For example, if oil exp loration in the Sahara will result in extinction of the sub-Saharan tigers bread and butter in the region, the company will develop an alternative plan. Global companies as large as Halliburton have to manage their activities and operations collaboratively sometimes the ethical and legal frameworks of adjacent countries can render certain actions legal in one nation and illegal in another nation.Thus collective planning is a very extensive process at Halliburton which involves considerable amount of consideration given to regional subsidies of the company. though corporate social responsibility and legal issues dominate the effect on the planning activities of Halliburton, ethical considerations also sometimes require plans to be modified. For example, Halliburtons operations in Saudi Arabia have to be controlled differently than its operations in the US. The ethics standards and beliefs in the two countries are different and regulate different practices.For instance, daytime op erations during the fasting season where the temperature is very high is not restricted by law. Even the workers whitethorn be willing to work, but ethics and moral standards suggest that Halliburton operations should be continued at night during those days. There are several factors which affect the course of action of companies. Often we see changes in the stock market leading to important strategic planning changes in companies. However, most of these are short-run plans and do not affect the vision of the company by a significant degree.Some of the most important factors which have a contribution towards the companys strategic, tactical, operational, and contingency planning are as follows Potential Energy Reserves Halliburton thrives on its energy reserves and constant exploration of newer energy sites. Its strategic and international planning is based upon the potential energy reserves of a region. A region where there are high energy reserves would naturally be an area for l ong-term planning for Halliburton management while a exit strategy may be prepared for a dried up site in Japan.Its strategy is the key to business continuity and profits and thus takes into account the future business that can be generated from a particular region. Taxation and Corporate Laws The reason why Nevada is the registered as the corporate head office of thousands of companies is because of its tax-friendly laws. Halliburtons expansion and acquisition strategies are dependent on the corporate taxation and regulations that are enforceable in a particular state or country.These laws influence to a great degree the companys operational and contingency panning as well. Avoiding over-taxation requires careful hindsight in operational and acquisition activities. Companies like Halliburton need to have effective planning strategies in order to save huge amounts in taxation and legal fees. Culture The ending of Texas may be very oil-friendly however, that may not be the case in B razil. The differences in culture, customs and therefore the code of ethics is important for Halliburton to realize and respect.Companies not caring about these factors often face problems in the long-term. Nike could not stop the sweatshop crisis news from coming into the media which caused hundreds of thousands of dollars loss to the company and several protests were lodged against the company till it finally winded up its operations. Halliburtons planning should take into account the resident cultural practices and base its plan according to them violation of local culture is often taken very strongly by the people and is revoked at some point or the other.

Oral Script About Titanic Essay Example for Free

Oral record About large EssayGood morning to my teacher and fellow friends. Today I indispensableness to talk about the sinking of Titanic. RMS Titanic was a passenger liner that sank in the North Atlantic Ocean on 15 April 1912 after colliding with an iceberg during her maiden voyage from Southampton to New York City. The sinking of Titanic caused the deaths of 1,514 large number in history. She was the largest ship afloat at the time of her maiden voyage. One of three liners operated by the White Star Line, she was built between 1909-11 by the Harland and Wolff Shipyard in Belfast. Her passengers included some of the wealthiest people in the world, as well as over a thousand emigrants from Britain,Ireland,Scandinaviaand elsewhere seeking a newly life in North America. The ship was designed to be the last word in rest and luxury, with an on-board gymnasium, swimming pool, libraries, high-class restaurants and opulent cabins. She also had a powerful wireless telegraph provi ded for the convenience of passengers as well as for operational use.Though she had advanced safety features such as watertight compartments and remotely activated watertight doors, she lacked enough lifeboats to accommodate all of those aboard. Due to outdated maritime safety regulations, she carried plainly enough lifeboats for 1,178people a third of her total passenger and crew capacity. After going away Southampton, England on 10April 1912,Titaniccalled atFranceand Ireland before heading westwards towards New York. On 14 April 1912, quartet days into the crossing and about 375 miles south of Newfoundland, she hit an iceberg at 1140pm.The glancing smash causedTitanics hull plates to buckle inwards in a number of locations on herstarboardside and heart-to-heart five of her sixteen watertight compartments to the sea. Over the next two and a half hours, the ship in stages filled with water and sank. Passengers and some crew members were evacuated in lifeboats, many of which w ere launched only partly filled. Just before 220amTitanicbroke up and sank bow-first with over a thousand people still on board. Those in the water died within minutes fromhypothermiacaused by immersion in the frost ocean.The 710 survivors were taken aboard from the lifeboats by theRMS Carpathiaa few hours later. The disaster was greeted with worldwide shock and outrage at the huge loss of life and the regulatory and operational failures that had led to it. Many of the survivors lost all of their currency and possessions and were left destitute many families, particularly those of crew members from Southampton, lost their primary bread-winners.They were helped by an outpouring of usual sympathy and charitable donations. Some of the male survivors, notably the White Star Lines chairman,J.Bruce Ismay, were accused of cowardice for leaving the ship while people were still on board, and they faced social ostracism. Thewreck of theTitanic body on the sea crawl in, gradually disintegrat ing at a depth of 12,415 feet (3,784m). Since its rediscovery in 1985, thousands of artifacts have been recovered from the sea bed and put on display at museums around the world. Titanichas become one of the most illustrious ships in history, her memory kept alive by numerousbooks, films, exhibits and memorials. Thats all. Thank you.

Arthur Millers A View From the Bridge Essay Example for Free

Arthur Millers A interpret From the Bridge EssayMasculinity is a frequent theme in Arthur Millers A picture From The Bridge. The four leading manful fibres in the play Eddie, Rodolpho, Marco and Alfieri apiece play different roles and different types of men. Miller has represented men and masculinity in an unforgiving conflagrate in the play. It appears that it is men that confuse and create problems in the flakes lives. Each characters actions are effected by the counterpoint forces of determinism, where e very(prenominal) event and situation is the inevitable reply of its preceding states of affairs and freewill. It could be said that the manlike characters in A assimilate From The Bridge are non acting, but existence acted upon.The main character in A View From The Bridge is Eddie. He is forty years of age, slightly overweight and is describe as husky. The huskiness used in the description refers to both Eddies roughness and his strong, burly build. His age sugg ests experience, some early(a) masculine quality. Eddies appearance reflects his attitude, strong and intimidating. In trying to prove his masculinity, Eddie is the focus of many conversations, as he feels that he must dominate the conversation. Eddies speech is very direct, with blunt wording. He constantly uses contractions and drops the last letter off words, such as in the phrase I didnt say nonhin. Eddies language is not sophisticate in any sense. This is because Eddie spent his time working instead of keep upting a proper education. Eddie besides comes from a working class family, which would mean that his education is limited. The conglomeration of these factors conveys Eddie to be even more masculine. It is very clear that Miller has constructed Eddie to represent the epitome of masculinity however the character has a propensity to be acted upon rather than acted.Although Eddie is portrayed as a very masculine character, the turmoil in his mind is unornamented to the reader. Within himself he is trying to control his feelings, or act. Instead, it appears that the happenings around him control Eddies actions. When Eddie allows Rodolpho and Marco to stay, he is acting, as he is making the decision as the patriarchal member of the Carb maven family. He has the choice of whether to accept them or not. He acts out of freewill. The best example Eddie being acted upon is when he calls Immigration about Marco and Rodolpho. At this point in the play, Eddie thinks that he has no some other options.He is struggling to control hisfeelings for Catherine, which on its give is an example of being acted upon. Although Eddie knows that these incestuous feelings are not acceptable, he cannot help but feel this way. Catherines developing relationship with Rodolpho is clearly testing Eddies endurance. Eddie in like direction feels that Rodolpho is a bad influence on Catherine, as Eddie can no longish control her as he used to. Realistically, this is because Catherine is growing up more than Rodolphos influence. However, Eddie feels that the only solution is to get rid of Rodolpho. By doing this, Eddie hopes that everything will return to its original state, with him being the patriarch. Consequently, Eddie calls Immigration. It can clearly be seen that Eddie is not acting, as eliminating Rodolpho is something that is inevitable if Eddie wishes for things to return to their initial state.Rodolphos appearance in A View From The Bridge is one that is far more feminine and gentle than that of the other characters. He is draw as a flimsy platinum blond with a nice face. His gentle features are considered womanly, and so he is not considered to be masculine. Rodolphos age can be estimated to be in the mid-twenties. This denotes a lack of life experience, another power towards femininity rather than masculinity. Miller has constructed Rodolpho as a much less masculine character than Eddie so as to juxtapose the two characters. Unlike Eddie, Rodolpho is a more apt character. He is more vigilant in what he says. Due to this discretion, Rodolphos speech is very limited in A View From The Bridge. However, his rational behaviour does not stop Rodolpho from being more acted upon than acted.Even though Rodolpho tries to refrain from causing similarly much of a disturbance in America, he is visibly maddening Eddie by showing marrow towards Catherine. However, Rodolpho cannot control his feelings. He stands up for his right to have a relationship with Catherine and, regardless of what Eddie does or says, Rodolpho yet has these feelings for Catherine. Rodolpho does not choose to be attracted to Catherine, it simply happened. The concept that Catherine and Rodolpho both care for each other is not a matter of choice or freewill, it is clearly determinism. For this reason, Rodolpho is more acted upon than acting in A View From The Bridge.Marco is described in A View From The Bridge as a thirty-two year nonagenarian square bui lt peasant. His square build implies strength and an intimidating physique, which evokes an air of masculinity. His age puts him between Eddie and Rodolpho. passim the play, Marco is played as quiet, yet thoughtful. His dialogue is minimal, until the final sequence where the conflict between him and Eddie erupts. Although his dialogue is completely different to that of Eddie, the pair are both seen as masculine characters. This is because Marco is confident with himself, and does not feel it is destinyed to talk or dominate the conversation. In doing so, his confidence shines through as being masculine. Again, Marco is a character that appears, in most cases, to be more acted upon than acting.Marcos strong and silent persona allows him to understand and recognise elements in the characters more so than Eddie and Rodolpho. He sees Eddies challenging nature towards Rodolpho and challenges Eddie back. In this sense, Marcos actions are acted. He understands what is happening and use s his own freewill to make a decision of what to do. However, the final sequences are clearly an indication of how Marco is more acted upon than acting. When Marco spits in Eddies face, it is the culmination of Eddies attitude and actions that cause him to do so. After trusting Eddie, Marco has been proverbially stabbed in the back. However, Marcos reaction was eminent. Eddies ongoing dislike of both Marco and Rodolpho would eventually arrive at a confrontation.Marcos reaction was clearly determinism it was the inevitable result of its preceding states of affairs. In this way, the character of Marco is more acted upon than acting. Similarly, when Marco kills Eddie, it is inevitable. If not for Eddies death, the play would be going nowhere. Eddies sanity is funny towards the end of A View From The Bridge. If Eddie were to survive the stabbing, there would be no closure for any of the characters. When Eddie pulls the natural language out and attempts to stab Marco, it is clear that he is not thinking rationally. Marco then acts in self demurral when he stabs Eddie. He knows that one of them will die in the struggle, and sees that his killing of Eddie is the only way he will come out alive. For this reason, Marco acts not out of freewill, but stabs Eddie as there is no other way for the battle to end. Hence, Marco is moreacted upon than acting. However, this attribute is not shared by all of the male characters in A View From The Bridge.The final male character in A View From The Bridge is Alfieri. Alfieri is the oldest of the characters, described as being in his fifties, turning grey and portly. His age implies much life experience, as does his munificently proportioned physique. His appearance is also one of a higher class than the rest of the characters. Alfieri speaks with distinction. Unlike Marco and Eddie, who feel the need to express their masculinity, Alfieri is confident in himself, and so needs not demonstrate this through his language.For this r eason, Alfieri remains to be a masculine character even though his language is very poetic and eloquent. For example, when consulting Eddie and Marco, he says To foreknow not to kill, is not dishonourable. As well as showing Alfieris in rateigence, the statement gives his words a ordered series of importance. Alfieris masculinity shines through in his instructing and superior manner. Unlike the rest of the male characters in A View From The Bridge, it is felt that Alfieri is not being acted upon, but is acting.As Alfieri is not directly involved in the flex relationships that take place in the apartment, he has the advantage of having a less emotional reaction to the occurrences. Alfieri also has the advantage of being able to think about things rationally before offering an opinion. When attempting to guide Eddie in his turmoil, Alfieri informs him that he can take no legal action. In doing so, Alfieri is acting out of freewill. Nothing is forcing him to tell Eddie this. Theoret ically, Alfieri could ignore the legal aspect and tell Eddie to take his chances. Instead, Alfieri offers his own advice, to let her go. Although Alfieris instinct to seek firmness may be seen as more acted upon than acting, his pressure in guiding Eddie to do the right thing, or lack thereof, is freewill, as Alfieri made the choice in not forcing Eddie to stop acting in the manner that he was. For this reason, Alfieri is acting more than he is acted upon.Although each of the male characters in Millers play A View From The Bridge represents a different role and different type of man, each of their actions can be seen as either an act of freewill or an act of determinism. In manyinstances, it appears that there is no other way for the incident to occur. At other times, the characters make choices, exercising their freewill. As Eddie, Rodolpho and Marco are all emotionally involved in the relationships in the play their actions tend to be acts of determinism. All three are detain in gender roles, not wanting to appear weak. As Alfieri is more of an onlooker in the play, his actions are a result of freewill. Confident with his masculinity, he is able to decide what to do, not be forced into doing something. For this reason, the male characters in A View From The Bridge can be said to be predominantly more acted upon than acting.

Economic Causes of Poverty Essay Example for Free

Economic Causes of destitution EssayPoverty is the going of necessities that that determine the quality of life. These necessities comprises of the basic human needs and better education which directly influences the type of study and income earned and enable one to fight pauperism. In October 2008 World Bank revised the poverty bend to 1. 25 US dollar per day from 1 US dollar per day. After revision of the poverty line measure, an estimated 1. 4 billion people were found to live at this poverty line or below (Otlin, 2008). There is an upward poverty trend for instance in 2004, 984 million people were supporting on or below the line of measure i. e. 1 US dollar whereas in 1981, 1. 9 million were living on or below the poverty line (Weaver Park, 2007). Among another(prenominal) spend a pennys of poverty, economic causes which include enceinte flight, unemployment, low income, unfair property laws and unfair trade has really made poverty assuagement in developing countr ies a complicated break through despite the efforts of these countries to fight against poverty. Rapid flow of cash outside a democracy or any other assets commonly known as capital flight is a major economic cause of poverty.In most cases the movement is due to asymmetry and repressd returns. Investors move their money from one investment to another, either within the same country or to a different country to avoid last inflation and depend for stability and increase returns. capital of the United States flight is mostly witnessed in a country with currency instability and sometimes the outflows are intensifier thus affecting the whole financial system of the country (Epstein, 2005). The loss of confidence and devaluation of the affected country burdens the citizens and their properties lose the nominal value.This resorts to reduced purchasing power of assets of a country making it very expensive to import goods. Due to devaluation of the economys currency, inflation come s in. Consequently, the currency unit fuck only bargain for fewer goods thus accelerating poverty. Capital flight also checks investment which may reduce economic maturement of the developing economies. Unemployment is another economic cause of poverty. It usually occurs when one is ready and able to work just there is no work for him/her. The inadequacies of basic human needs and better education are commonly as result of un-employment.A country where there is a higher rate of unemployment, the Growth domestic Product (GDP) is low since most people are not working. According Epstein (2005), unemployment is a primary cause of temporal poverty. The moment people get job, they supplement their incomes and thus reduce poverty levels. Sounder merely says that poverty increases with increase in unemployment duration. People without jobs can be having skill which can improve production, further since they have not been employed, their skills may not be utilized.This can result is low productivity in the country. In other cases, un-employment can be a social cost to the society. Issues like crimes, terrorism and dose abuse which may be as a result of poverty, marginalization and unemployment are costly to eliminate. silver which can be used to alleviate the living standards is used for fighting crimes instead. Unemployment brings income inequality which widens the gap amidst the rich and the poor. Winefield (2002), points out that unemployment leads to delay in experience gain which reduces productivity.Moreover, in countries which provide job search allowance, the political notification expenditure goes high because more people are entitled to these allowances. This can force the government to reduce money given to other crucial sectors for example farming(a) sector which can be a source of livelihood to the countrys population. Taxes may also increase due to high government expenditure resulting to increase in prices of commodities. Low income means that people will have a limited purchasing power. Winefield (2002) points out that, low income earnings place people near or on at the poverty line.He further argues that, raising the incomes by increasing the wages without dismissing their job opportunities has historically minimized poverty rates. According to his research findings, increasing minimum wage will care reduce poverty levels, however minimal. Small household budgets experience the greatest impacts since they have a limited purchasing power. This has facilitated poverty in developing countries. Increases in food prices and an instant steep rise in agricultural commodities is another economic cause of poverty.The rise in food prices can be attributed to increased direct of staple commodities, higher energy prices especially fuel and electricity which affects transportation and production costs of agricultural products and farm inputs e. g. fertilizer and pesticides. Food prices may also rise due to lack of alternativ e commercialize outlets for agricultural product and low yields of cereals (Anker, 2006). Competition between industrial commercial organizations is healthy and encouraged by market economies. However, unfair property laws by competitors and use of malicious ways to gain business mileage e. g.making false and direct attack to a competitor may scare away capability investors. At times it happens despite the fact that a code of conduct has been set to guard against this behavior. foul competition which comprises of all acts and practices during industrial and commercial transactions which are contrary to honest practices may hamper selling and buying of good and services. Unfair competition may include confusion caused in relation to another enterprises products or its activities, acts that are misleading for instance, false implications of a competitors product, and damaging the goodwill of the competitors.All this may lead to unfair competition which causes decline in barter of goods or services. Eventually, this will translate increased levels of poverty in the affected economies due reduced sales, exports and other losses that may arise from unfair trade. In conclusion, poverty alleviation is a complex issue to mess with. It requires that all relevant stakeholders get rid of their selfish interest so that they can deal with the root causes of poverty.All causes of poverty ranging from economic, governance, demographic and social factors, environmental factors, if looked into by good governance, transparency in public expenditure, strengthening of management capacity and improvement of the public service delivery will help in promoting a competitive private sector environment for development and trade regime liberalization. This can contribute greatly to poverty alleviation in the world and especially in developing countries in Africa, Latin America and East Asia.A fair trade between developed and developing countries is entire if the question of povert y in developing countries is ever to be addressed. For instance, disruption of trade in Africa has greatly affected the process of integration in business. As a result poverty levels have increased undermining and lowering the livelihoods of small scale farmers and producers as well as depriving the young people their rights.ReferencesAnker, R. , (2006) Poverty Lines just about the World A New Methodology and Internationally Comparable Estimates. International Labor Review Journal, Vol. one hundred forty-fiveEpstein, G. A. , (2005) Capital Flight and Capital Controls in Developing Countries. ISBN 184376931X, 9781843769316, Edward Elgar Publishing. Otlin, J. , (2008) The Causes of Poverty Thinking Critically about a Key Economic Issue. Journal of Social Education, Vol. 72 Weaver, C. Park, S. , (2007) The Role of the World Bank in Poverty Alleviation and Human Development in the Twenty-First Century An Introduction. Global Governance Journal, Vol. 13 Winefield, A. H, (2002) Unemploy ment, Underemployment, occupational Stress and Psychological Well-Being. Australian Journal of Management, Vol. 27

Policies Related to Environmental Concerns Essay Example for Free

Policies Related to Environmental Concerns EssayWhile, indeed, there argon some(prenominal) legal statutes that are heralded by both the international, national, and local levels of the public communities, especially the government, there remains much contention with regard to the true cost of ratifying it and adhering to its implementation. This is a dilemma that occurs to be of special impartiality to the developing countries who are not given the luxury of financial and technological resources to address the issues associated with the environs. Definitely, there are a lot of issues and related costs that are borne with every legal statute passed for the purpose of protect the environment. From the implantation of it come the associated resources in terms of manpower and other needs. Over time, it has been the case that the cost of the environmental degradation that occurred, and is still occurring, becomes harder to quantify in financial terms. The costs are usually measu red and derived from fashion and water quality as examples (Ahmed Sanchez-Triana, 2008). However, it should be noted that it is not the financial quantification of this particular endeavor that matters further the present impact and the long-run goals that should be foreseen.First, it is seen that the adverse effects brought about by the inability of the environment to keep with the needs of the human population is already being felt by people. There are different groups that can be identified in terms of the socio-economic classes to which they belong and the degree to which they are discriminate because of certain characteristics. The benefits that could be derived from the simple laws that protect their basic needs such as the access to full-strength water vary from one group to another.Another consideration for this is that the impacts have led to a domino-effect where it has indirectly affected the entire society and should the provision of safety nets through legal polic ies are definitely an urgent need to solve several interlocking problems that have come in lieu of the environmental degradation. Second, the long-term effects brought about by the legal statutes would definitely help not only the generations in prompt succession of the present but would also last until a few more decades, if not centuries (Gillespie, 1997). all(prenominal) little act of kindness done to the environment in the present contributes to its well-being and existence in the future. This is among the elements that link the past to the present and the present to the future.ReferencesAhmed, K. Sanchez-Triana, E. (2008). Strategic environmental assessment for policies An instrument for good governance. Washington, DC The World Bank. Gillespie, A. (1997). International environmental law, policy, and ethics. Oxford Oxford University Press.

Police Functions Essay Example for Free

constabulary Functions EssayOver the years, natural law pretend been portrayed in the media, television shows, and the local newspaper as crime competitiveness heroes. This portrayal would com mence one think a police force ships officer is unendingly out doing a dangerous job, which may require shooting, beating up, or arrested the bad guy. The truth is, approximately officers get out not make a felony arrest in a given year, and there are similarly many another(prenominal) officers who have never fired their weapon. There are various perspectives of the policing functions. I will examine these perspectives from the local, convey, and federal organizational levels.I will identify and address possible future changes in virtues and the overall impact these changes will have on the battlefield of policing. Local Police Police, usually called law enforcement officers, apprehend criminals and investigate crimes. There are several other functions that the police perfo rm. Local police have three main functions maintaining order, controlling crime, and providing basic accessible services. Local police maintain order in opposite activities, such as traffic control in power outages, crowd control impertinent of a local football game, resolving domestic disputes, and removing drunken patrons from the streets.Police officers serve and protect. The main stress of maintaining order is keeping the peace rather than enforcing the law, so to speak. In different situations, officers may have to make an arrest to ensure the peace, barely the appropriate order-maintenance solution often consists of less formal actions, like clarifi purifyion crowds after a big game. Controlling crime is basically patrol and criminal investigation. Basic social service is calling police in an emergency situation. The majority of phone calls to the police are in need of social service as opposed to those relating to crimes.There are several factors that shape what police do. Police officers are available 24 hours a day seven days a week. slew call on the police when they find themselves in an emergency situation and there is not another(prenominal) agency available. Because of this availability, it sometimes gives officers a heavy workload. Police work is different and unique from other jobs because these men and women are permitted to use force. Force in this case is deadly or physical force as well as arresting someone. Police officers have to be ready to shoot in a split second, if need be.Discretion is used in all areas of policing. Officers rely on their training as well as experiences to decide what to do when dealing with citizens. A wonderful example of discretion is an officer giving you a warning for speeding as oppose to upholding the law and issuing you a citation. ground Police State police are a part of The discussion section of Public Safety. Every enjoin with the exception of Hawaii has its own police force possessing statewide j urisdiction. The body politics extensivest state police force is California Highway Patrol.The directors of highway patrols or state police are appointed by the Governors. Tasks done by state police agencies include attend toing the local police departments in criminal investigations, patrolling the states highways, training municipal and country police, maintaining centralized crime records for the state, and operate a crime lab. national Police Within the executive branch of the national government lies the federal law enforcement. The FBI, or national Bureau of Investigation, is a part of this federal organization. The FBI investigates several categories of federal crimes.Their focus is on protecting the nation from threats, such as terrorism, organized crime, drug trafficking, white collar crimes, and violent crimes, such as kidnappings and slang robberies as well as civil-rights crimes. The FBI is equipped with crime labs, fingerprint files, crime statistics, and a traini ng academy, which enables them to assist state, local, and other federal agencies. Due to the increases in organized crimes, the FBI also has wiretapping authority. Federal officers have jurisdiction nationwide. The Department of Homeland Security is another branch containing federal law enforcement agencies.Some of DHS agencies are United States reclusive Service- which is trusty for apprehending anyone caught counterfeiting U. S. money. They are also responsible for the protection of other officials of the federal government and for protecting the president. immigration and Customs Enforcement- enforces the flow of immigrants into the United States. INS agents deport aliens who break the United States naturalization laws. They are also responsible for the patrol of the United States border to stop illegal immigrants from entering the country.In the 1990s, INS agents focused on the Mexican-U. S. border, where large government issues of illegal immigrants and huge amounts of ill icit drugs entered the United States. INS agents arrest hundreds of thousands of illegal immigrants each year, but the number reservation it safely into the United States still exceeded the number arrested. (The Nature of Police Work) Customs and Border protective cover and Transportation Security Administration also fall under this agency. Conclusion Patrol and criminal investigation used to dominate policing.Uniformed officers would roam the streets interrupting crime and trying to prevent them from happening. There are different strategies to policing. These strategies include patrol, special operations, and investigations. There are changes that can be made in laws to impact the field of policing. Local police departments can reduce corruption by keeping a closer pump on the department and listening to the community. Bad seeds would have to be removed from all areas of policing. These departments can also form a positive relationship with the public by showing they are doing more than making arrests.Federal agencies are sometimes limited in the information they can share with other departments, but if there is something useful, they can pass the information along to help all agencies out. There are many functions to policing. While police are heroes to a lot of people, they are not just out fighting crime and locking up the bad guys. They are there for us when we need them, regardless if our cat is stuck in a tree or we have a runaway teenager. Different agencies perform at different levels each having different duties. Once we understand what different agencies are able to do, we understand policing better.

The Art Institute Essay Example for Free

The Art Institute EssayMy goals in life be not hard to achieve at all. First and foremost, I realize for a goal to be achieved,it will take determination and discipline to achieve it. Walking across that stage is my number whiz goal. Having the ability to graduate with my friends comes from hardwork and dedication, but I hit the hay recieving that high school diploma is just the low gear of my career. Being accepted into the Art of Institute has brought me closer to achieving my goal. My number 1 goal is to own my on Bakery (Moonies Goodies).The institute would help me achieve the basic steps and take responsiblity on moving in the right direction of my career. Art Institute will help me reach my goal in decorous a Pastery chef. Attending this institiute will also top me a step closer to reaching my master(prenominal) goal in my life. I realize that choosing this college was the best college for me because my goal after high school was to wait on a culinary college that will offer me the skills I need in business managment, which will occupy me closer to owning my own bakery. After researching the Art of Institute online, I knew that the Art Institute will give me the guidance needed to set me on the right path for my goals.To be successful in the load to my education will require determination and taking on more responsibilitites in my life. I know that my participation is acquired and will be given. I am looking for forward to meeting and making a connection with my instructors, whom will share in a vital part of my career goal achievements. Also, looking forward to working beside peers whom are excited about their goals, such as I. I will get a line any event that is being offered by the institute. Goals are challenges and in order for unity to be successful, one must achieve the goals that lies within you. Having the ability to train amongst peers, is a dream come true. Thankful that I was accepted into the Art of Institute.

French influence in Vietnam in the 19th century Essay Example for Free

french model in Vietnam in the nineteenth century EssayIn the 19th century, the cut had a great influence in Vietnam in different aspects including culture, religion, ethics, economy, politics and political sympathies and nationalistic aspirations of the Vietnamese. The French ruled Vietnam from approximately mid-late 1800s until 1954 when Vietnam defeated the French. According by Edward Terry on the geocities website, the greatest influence in Vietnam was that of religion. Others may think differently, unless this essay bequeath explain how tout ensemble different aspects had an doctor on Vietnam and whether or not the French had a goodish or bad influence in Vietnam. According to the textbook Contested Spaces by Thomas Cantwell, French colonialism had a negative influence on Vietnamese society.The French had a huge impact on the Vietnamese culture. French culture strongly influenced Vietnamese food, dustup, some architecture etc. The French cuisine had a great influe nce in Vietnam as you canful still find asparagus, white potato and French bread on menus in Vietnam. A Vietnamese breakfast would be a baguette, yoghurt and orange juice, which are all typical French items. In the South, the influence was the greatest, so these things are nearly often demonstrate in southern Vietnam. Before the French came, the Vietnamese used Chinese characters further French missionaries introduced the Latin alphabet to replace that.The Vietnamese written language doesnt only use 26 characters handle the English language, solely many different with different accents. Actual Vietnamese words were scarcely influenced by the French and it could be said that in the 19th century, the Vietnamese spoken language sounded erect like the Chinese spoken language to people who couldnt tell the difference. Even though the French language didnt have a great impact on the Vietnamese spoken language, many well meliorate Vietnamese speak French. The French influence in V ietnamese culture wasnt particularly bad or good. Even though, some may bespeak otherwise.Vietnamese architecture wasnt influenced strongly by the French but in the main cities such as Hanoi there can still be found the remnants of old French buildings. The French occupied the city so the majority of the buildings in the center like government buildings, offices, opera houses and big lodges were all made by the French.As said before, some argue that the biggest influence the French had in Vietnam was that of religion. The Socit des Missions trangeres (The society of foreign missionaries) claims that up until the year of 1841, 450 000 Vietnamese had changed their religion to Christianity. However, those statistics arent very reliable, because during the progress they might have killed twice as many people as that. Having said that, even up to today, Catholicism is the second most practised religion (after Buddhism) in Vietnam. wherefore there can be said that religion was one of th e biggest influences the French had in Vietnam.Vietnamese moral and ethical values were mostly influenced by the Chinese and the French didnt have a great influence on Vietnamese ethics. The French might have brought in some Europeans habits, but the majority of the Vietnamese lived by Chinese ethics.The French similarly had a great impact on the Vietnamese economy. The French opened banks in Vietnam but only to the benefit of the French. Looking at the economic influences the French had on Vietnam there can be said it was a bad influence for Vietnamese people. The French excessively introduced a wine tax in 1817 and since the national drink of Vietnam was rice wine, this had a great impact on the Vietnamese people. They controlled the rice wine manufacture, distribution and sale in Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos. Local production was illegal. salt was also very important product to the Vietnamese. In 1897 Governor General Paul Doumer also introduced a salt tax. Salt could only be pur chased from French outlets with a price 10 times larger than its original price. The French also took opium from Asia and introduced it in Europe. They started trading and by 1929 the whole of Indochina was producing approximately 80 tonnes of opium yearly. wholly of these things influenced the economy because there was more trading and people had to pay a lot of taxes on things that were handsome before. Looking at all of these things there can be said that the French did have a negative influence on the Vietnamese economy.The French obviously had an effect on the Vietnamese government because they were ruling the Vietnamese. When they first arrived in Vietnam, they dividedit in three different parts called Bac Ky (Tonkin), Trung Ky (Annam) and Nam Ky (Cochin china), so they could net profit control over each part at a time. While the French were in Vietnam the emperor butterfly remained a figure head with no real power. He could practice his activities with his court and init iated laws, and conducted ceremonies as capacious as they didnt clash with the French policies and intentions. The French were in control over the government and therefore also the politics. As said before they introduced more taxes and with these taxes came new laws. According to the book A short narrative of South east Asia by Church P., the Vietnamese imperial government had lost all efficiency to control events.Another thing that changed while the French were in Vietnam was that the Vietnamese became more nationalistic. The Vietnamese cherished independence from the French and had a very nationalistic attitude. The French being in Vietnam also started freedom fighter warfare. The Vietnamese stood up against the French. Guerrilla warfare isnt supported by the official military of the government but can be very organized. The French being in Vietnam flamed up their nationalistic aspirations.There can be concluded that the French had a huge impact and influence in Vietnam on al l different aspects of live and the country. In conclusion from analyzing these different things there can be said that the French mainly had a negative influence in Vietnam.Bibliographyhttp//www.geocities.com/vietnamrp/french_influence.htm by Edward Terryhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Vietnamhttp//www.asian-nation.org/vietnam-history.shtmlhttp//www.nationsencyclopedia.com/World-Leaders-2003/Vietnam-POLITICAL-BACKGROUND.htmlThomas Cantwell, Contested spaces Conflict in Indochina. McGraw hummock education, first edition 2003, NSW.Church P. 2006, A short history of South East Asia, John Wiley Sons, Singapore.

Ethics of Bribery and Kickbacks Essay Example for Free

ethical motive of Bribery and Kickbacks EssayEthics of Bribery and KickbacksIntroduction Following a careful observation, the gulf state should be deprived of the effective to server the FIFA 2022 being cup following polemical payments of a huge sum of money to a former official along with his family. This raises ethical concerns since it breaks virtues of ethics as discussed in this paper. There should be an probe to probe the payment of an unaccounted sum of two million dollars by the Qatari firm to justify the payments and if potential exonerate the firm from the corruption all(prenominal)egations. It would be in appropriate to allow such a controversial state to host a beingnesswide event such as the world cup with participants from all over the world, thus calls have been made from around the globe to the worlds football governing body to re re-run the tenderize to host this event. According to Sugden et.al, (1998) corruption breaches the ethics of virtues since it harms many people. It has been formally inform that Qatar will be hosting the hilarious FIFA world cup in 2022. This is after a secret voting vote by the FIFA Executive committee that was held in Zurich December 2010. A maximum of five candidates had presented their bring ups in anticipation of hosting the worlds spectacular editioning event. Again, according to utilitarian principle of ethics this is not right it yields fewer benefits to a large number of people. Although Qatar views this as a great achievement, the FIFA officials who gave Qatar the privileged to host the 2022 world cup are to be compelled to justify this decision beyond reasonable doubt to the FIFA detective following several(prenominal) disclosures from the telegraph. Michael Garcia who happens to be the chief investigator of the ethics committee has travelled to Zurich to hold legion(predicate) interviews following consistent pressures on FIFA to re run the bid once more (Scharfenort, 2012). These meetings have been precipitated by some telegraph inquiry that disclosed how FIFAs previous vice president along with his family were paid 2 million dollars from a firm that was linked to Qatars victorious bid. Although the particulars of who the executive committee chooses to embody are usually high profile and secretly kept, the board members however are expected to be accountable for any breach of the bidding rules inclusive of the complicity between bids (Amara, 2007). A spokesperson from the Qatars world cup organizing committee said that the bid committee strictly followed all the FIFA binding rules and regulations in full phase of the moon compliance with their standard ethical codes. He further claims that the highest committee for delivery and all the individuals concerned with 2022 bid committee are not aware of any allegations regarding dealings of any nature between confidential individuals. This is obviously a sophisticated cover up of the corruption allegations s ince the committee seems to have overlooked some serious allegations following telegraph disclosures which incriminated Qatars vice president, thus it is irrational to give a bid to host a world event to country with corrupt leaders and officials (Grix, 2012). The chairperson of the parliamentary culture, sport and media committee argues that the controversial payments made to the Qatars former vice president along with his family is an adequate validation that the credibility of the whole process of selecting Qatar as the country to host the 2022 FIFA world cup is compromised, hence such process is subject to probing. The ethics involved in bribery and kickbacks with regard to the National society of original Engineers (NSPE) includesStriving to serve the public interestAvoiding all conduct and practices that deceives the members of publicAvoiding any attempt to grow employment, advancement or any professional engagement by improper or questionable methods. credenza of perso nal responsibility for all professional activities.Giving recognise for any professional work to whom credit is due and not to whom credit is not worth.Avoiding influence in professional duties by conflicting interest.ReferencesAmara, M. (2007). When the Arab world was mobilised around the FIFA 2006 World Cup. Journal of North African Studies, 12(4), 417-438.Grix, J. (2012). Imageleveraging and sports mega-events Germany and the 2006 FIFA World Cup. Journal of maneuver Tourism, 17(4), 289-312.Scharfenort, N. (2012). Urban Development and Social Change in Qatar The Qatar National Vision 2030 and the 2022 FIFA World Cup. Journal of Arabian Studies, 2(2), 209-230.Sugden, J Tomlinson, A., Darby, P. (1998). FIFA Versus UEFA in the Struggle for the Control of World Football (pp. 11-31). A. Brown (Ed.). London Routledge.Source text file

Early Cells Essay Example for Free

Early Cells Essay1 HypothesisIf you soak an egg in vinegar, then the shell will deteriorate and loose centimeters dark of its circumference.Data and ObservationsTime (hrs)ObservationsCircumference (cm)01. The egg is whole, and has not lost twist.2. The egg was immediately surrounded by bubbles.3. 14 cm4. 241. The egg appears to gain a little bit of color missing.2. The egg remains firm.3. 15.5cm4. 481. The eggs shell is beginning to disappear.2. The shell of the egg is cracking wholly around.3. 16 and cm4. 721. The shell is completely gone, leaving a thin tissue layer that surrounds the yolk. 2. The egg itself looks flimsy and appears transparent.3. 17cmConclusionBe sure to answer the following reflection questions in the conclusion of your science lab report1. How much did the egg change in size? (answer should be in centimeter) The eggs size changed by 3 centimeters.2. Was your hypothesis correct? Why or why not?My hypothesis prove to be correct because the eggs shell did, in fact, deteriorate.3. Evaluate the lab and data collected. What type of trance occurred in this lab? Explain your answer, including evidence from your experiment tosupport your explanation. The type of transport that took place in this lab was active. I believe this is true because the particles moved from an area of higher concentration (vinegar), to an area of demean concentration (the egg).4. Consider how lettuce or spinach placed in water becomes firm and crisp. Use what you have learned about cell membranes to explain this observation. Lettuce and spinach become firm and crisp when placed in water because the cells absorb the water, and in turn makes the lettuce/spinach bloated with water.5. If you were to continue this experiment by removing the egg from the water and covering it in syrup, what do you think would happen. Explain your prediction. (If you choose to test your prediction, be sure to permit at least 24 hours before making your observations. And, of cours e, handle the egg very carefully) If I were to put the same egg in a syrup solution, I believe the thin membrane that remained would break because passive transport would take place.

Effect of Smoking on Division of Attention

Effect of consume on Division of AttentionABSTRACTThe basic objective of this get hold of is to see whether dope importantly affects the variant of charge of an unity-on- single. dope enkindle be defined as the process in which any substance, usually tobacco is rolled and burnt and the smoke that is released is inhaled. on that point is evidence that smoking is harmful to the superstar at the functional and morphological level (Swan Lessov-Schlaggar, 2007). Division of help ass be defined as the persons ability to attend to dickens or more travails at a star time. Snowball Sampling was apply to select 60 participants, 30 Smokers (N=30) and 30 Non-Smokers (N=30). A screener developed by Fagerstrom called the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (1978) was occasiond to screen the participants after which the Division of Attention Experiment by Shailaja Bhagwat was administered. Results indicated that there was no signifi give the bouncet difference in the divis ion of attending in the midst of smokers and non-smokers (t=0.27, t=0.38, t=0.009, t=0.22). They both(prenominal) had nearly the corresponding divisions of forethought amidst physical and intellectual tasks.INTRODUCTION sens at that place be approximately about 2 billion smokers all over the world. (WHO, 2013)Smoking can be defined as the process in which both substance, usually tobacco is rolled and burnt, and the smoke that is released is inhaled. This make out was started as a recreational ane in which an active substance like for example nicotine is make available to the blood stream through with(predicate) the lungs (Gatley Wilbert). The most common method of this practice of smoking is through fannys. There are other methods of this practice too like the use of bidis, bongs, cigars, hookah, pipes and vaporizers to name a few. A 2007 report states that, each year, about 4.9 million people worldwide die as a payoff of smoking. (West, Robert Shiffman, 2007.)Among the many substances used for smoking, tobacco is by far the most widely used substance which is habit-forming because of the nicotine content. The history of smoking can date rump to as early as 5000 BC when it was used for religious ceremonies. The use of tobacco products is increasing globally, though in some higher and middle income countries its use is decreasing. The global prevalence is 48% for adult potents and 12% for adult females. There are about 1/3 of the adults worldwide, who smoke, that is an approximate of about 2.0 billion smokers around the world including child smokers. (WHO 2013)A few reasons as to why people start smoking can be having parents who smoke, siblings who smoke, friends who smoke, the freedom that they postulate to do what they want, coadjutor pressure, low academic achievements, their daily surrounding, that is, having co-workers or people they are usually surrounded with being image smokers, economic background or even biography in the urban environment to an extent. An man-to-man might just start smoking as a result of a social gathering or a party which becomes an addiction later on.Smoking is most prevalent in the age stem of 18-25. It is stated that there are about 1000 smokers at the age of 18 and below who start smoking (WHO 2013). There are various reasons and causes for such a trend. This age root is the most disposed to getting addicted to smoking as individuals in this age bracket are most blue-blooded swayed in their decisions and get addicted most easily. Once addicted to the use of any substance, tobacco generally, it gets real difficult for individuals to leave this habit. According to statistics by the World Health Organization we have more male smokers (35% developed 50% developing) than female smokers (22% developed 9% developing). These statistics show a rather large trope of women smoking, especially in the developed countries we see that a lot of women smoking.Division of AttentionDivision of attention (Multi-Tasking) is the process in which an individuals attention is fractiond between two tasks. The talent of multitasking is when an individual knows how to juggle the time and attention spent between the two tasks well so as to eliminate equal amount of attention to both so that it doesnt look like there is any amount of partiality or preference given to a specific task on hand. whiz is said to be good at multi-tasking when unrivalled is able to perform both the tasks at the stovepipe of their abilities without being overworked or stressed. Since the 1990s experimental psychologists have tried to understand the nature and limits of human multitasking.In dichotic listening, subjects are apparently unable to attend simultaneously to two concurrent, auditory speech messages. However, in two experiments reported here, it is shown that people can attend to and repeat back continuous speech at the aforesaid(prenominal) time as taking in complicated, unrelated visual scenes, or even enchantment sight-readingpiano music. In both cases performance with dividedattentionwas very good, and in the case of sight-reading was as good as with undivided attention. There was little or no government issue of the dual task on the accuracy of speech shadowing. (Allport, Antonis Reynold, 1971)Attention, it can be described as the process of focusing in matchlesss field of awareness. Our attention can be commanded by a number of factors.Two of the main factors that can do so are mark factors such as intensity, size, movement, distinctiveness etc.Subjective factors such as, an individuals needs, motives, interests, past experiences etc.The intensity of attention given to a specific stimulus is affected by the presence of a nonher(prenominal) stimulus that is competing for ones attention. This is know as shifting of attention. Shifting of attention is necessary for light as it prevents negative adaptation.Another phenomenon which is related to attention is known as the distraction of attention. As we already know what is shifting of attention, distraction of attention is when the attention wavers and gets back to the previous stimuli. There are maximum numbers of stimuli that can be responded to in a position period of attention. This maximum amount of attention that can be referred to in this particular period is called the span of attention.How a person can divide their attention has to do with that persons intelligence (Sternberg Sternberg, 2012). Researchers Navon and Gopher (1979) theorized a modality model which explains the fundamentals of attention mainly divided between various simple tasks and not between various complex tasks. There are various variables that play a role in our ability to pay attention or to concentrate on the many tasks that are to be performed at once. A few of those variables are anxiety, arousal, the difficulty of the tasks to be performed and the skills that an individual possesses.Relation between Smoking and Division of AttentionWhen we look back to studies done in the past on these two root words, we have many, nevertheless when it comes to a theme involving both these topics we have hardly any studies. We have many researches on smoking and its effect on health, cognition, effect of nicotine on the creative thinker activity during the performance of a task, stir of smoking on the performance of an individual, as well as studies on the effect of smoking during pregnancy on the performance of a child after its birth.An accumulation of evidence suggests that smoking may be reinforcing, in part, due to nicotines capacity to rear the process of attention, but correspondingly, the stimulus-filter model of nicotine reinforcement asserts that nicotine increases cognitive performance by acting as a stimulus-barrier, thereby screening and preventing the irrelevant and annoying stimuli from the smokers awareness. (Kassel, 1997)Some studies that have been performed on smoking a nd the performance of an individual, either cognitive or social both say that smoking usually has a negative impact or rather they say that smoking reduces the cognitive and physical performance of an individual.It was install that while cigarette smoking had no negative effect upon performance for simple perceptual tasks, smoking was found to utilize measurable negative effects upon performance for more complex information processing tasks (Spilich, June Renner, 1992).There is a scientific background for the decrease in the physical performance of an individual who smokes. Smoking reduces the capacity of an individual to do work as the group O available to the body is reduced. When we inhale smoke from a cigarette, we accede the carbon monoxide into the blood. The carbon monoxide combines with the hemoglobin in the blood to form carboxy-hemoglobin which reduces the amount of oxygen that is carried in the blood. The lesser the available oxygen, the lesser the physical endurance , the lesser the endurance, the weaker the individual. Prolonged smoking causes irreversible lung damage. A study latterly done in Kings College London tells us that smoking spoils the brain by damaging memory, learning and reason as well (Smoking Rots the Brain Lowers Cognitive Performance, November 2012).Smoking just a single cigarette can immediately affect physical capability in exercise when the inhaled carbon monoxide binds to red blood cells, displacing oxygen and preventing its delivery to muscle cells. In fact, a study at UCLA found that young adults experience a four percent decrease in oxygen uptake right after smoking.It has long been known that smokers tend to be less physically active than nonsmokers, and vice versa. For instance, a study in public Health Reports found smokers are more belike to quit supervised exercise programs.Another study found that male high school students who were less physically active than their peers were twice as likely to smoke.There h asnt been a specific study on the effect that smoking has on the division of attention. Generally the division of attention is usually different for different individuals. Smokers perform one physical and one mental task at a time. They are hence multitasking or rather dividing their attention in such a way that they are spending enough time perform both the tasks but to what level of their ability?Smokers are better at Division of Attention.The above mentioned hypothesis is one study or rather one topic that has not been widely studied under the vast topic of smoking especially in the Indian contest. There have been various studies on the effect of smoking on performance as well as the capacity of an individual to divide their attention between two tasks.Will the division of attention among non-smokers be hugeer than the division of attention among smokers?OBJECTIVETo envision whether there is a significant difference in the division of attention between smokers and non-smokers while performing two tasks simultaneously.HYPOTHESISThere is a significant difference between the division of attention of smokers and non-smokers while performing two tasks simultaneously.METHODParticipantsA sample size of 60 students (n=60) within the age group of 18-22 with all of them from a middle class background, studying in college and from the city of Hyderabad were selected on the basis of stochastic Sampling. They were divided into two groups of 30 each i.e. smoker and non-smokers. These two groups were further divided into 15 girls and 15 boys each. Before giving them the screener itself, the purpose of the study was explained and a signed informed consent was taken from the students. involvement inclusion criteriaStudents between the ages of 18-22Pursuing bachelors degree from any collegeStudents who were smokersParticipation exclusion criteriaStudents above the age of 22 or below 18Students working part time or profuse timeInstrumentsThe Fagerstrom Nicotine Dependen ce Scale (FTND) was used as a screener for the smokers. It is a 6 question racing shell which shows the levels of dependence on nicotine. Anybody who has moderate to high dependency (score of 5 or above) on this scale is considered a smoker. This scale was developed by Fagerstrom in 1978 titled Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire which was later called the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND Heatherton et al., 1991). subsequently this the Division of Attention (different variables) by Dr. (Smt.) Shailaja Bhagwat was given to the participants, which involved the performance of 4 tasks. Each task was to be performed only for two minutes, that too each task had 3 sub tasks. The students were explained what each and every task was very carefully and if they had any doubts, those doubts were cleared too.The 4 tasks in brief wereone somatogenetic and one Mental Simple Tasks (separately as well as simultaneously)one animal(prenominal) Simple Task and one Mental tortuous Task ( separately as well as simultaneously)one Physical Complex and one Mental Complex Task (separately as well as simultaneously)one Physical and Mental Complex Task (separately as well as simultaneously)ANALYSISThe statistics that were used on the raw data were designateStandard DeviationT-TestRESULTSThe hypothesis states that there is a significant difference between the division of attention between smokers and non-smokers. The Statistics used wereMean The Mathematical Average of a set of numbers.Standard Deviation Measures how circle out the data is.T-Test Measures if there is a significant difference between two variables.The results got do not support the hypothesis which states that there is a significant difference in the division of attention between smokers and non-smokers.Table 1 shows the Mean (M) Standard Deviation (SD) and T-Value (t) between smokers and non-smokers.*N.S = Not SignificantTable 1 shows that the t-values were not found to be significant.DISCUSSIONWhen we att end two or more tasks at one time, it is mainly because of the division of attention of that person. The first scientist to study in the field of division of attention was Paulhan (1887) who found out that if the nature of both the jobs is simple, the outcome would be the least affected. A few other scientists who got the same results were Binet (1890), Jastraw and Cairnes (1892) and Fitts and Simon (1949). According to the table shown above, the hypothesis mentioned above has been proved right. There is no significant difference between theDivision of attention between smokers and non-smokers in performing two tasks simultaneously.These results could be due to various reasons. The modus vivendi of both smokers and non-smokers is the same. Their surroundings, their routines everything is very similar. Although minor differences will be present in the results due to differing mental abilities, everything else is the same. whence their results or rather the levels of division of atte ntion between ideally should not differ to a great extent.When we look at the tables closely we observe that the performance of two simple tasks (one physical and one mental) the discharge of efficiency in the performance of tasks in non-smokers is lesser than that of smokers, whereas in the performance of two difficult tasks (one mental and one physical) the opposite case happens. The loss of efficiency is lesser for smokers when compared to non-smokers.When we look at the results of the tasks of difficult physical- easy mental or difficult mental and easy physical, they depended completely on the mental abilities of that person. There was no pattern that was followed.The hypothesis may not have been proved right as the all the students have not been smoking regularly for long. The effects might be seen more clearly if they had been smoking for longer. The brain functioning might be something that would be impaired only after a while. The impairment is not going to be sudden.There could have also been many intervening variables such as the weather, the students inclination the surroundings, the situations and even the noise levels. All these affect the performance of the subject while performing a task.This particular research in this field gives the psychologists a base to build up future researches and ones which can be conducted in more depth. The same study can be conducted on an older population and the results can be matched and seen. Then it can be proven if age plays a major role in this research. As the subjects are older it is but natural that they have smoked for longer in their life which has been proved to reduce brain functioning.This study shows that there is no significant difference between smokers and non-smokers as well as girls and boys when it comes to the division of attention.REFERENCEAnstyl, OKearney, Salim, Sanden. Smoking as a Risk cistron for Dementia and Cognitive Decline A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies (2007)West, Rober t and Shiffman, Saul (2007).Fast Facts Smoking Cessation. Health Press Ltd. p.28Hirsch, GL, et al., straightaway effects of smoking on cardiorespiratory response to exercise, Journal of Applied Physiology 581975-81, June 1985Blair, SN, et al., Relationship in the midst of Exercise or Physical Activity and Other Health Behaviors, Public Health Reports 100(2)172-180, March-April 1985 Faulkner, RA, et al., The Relationship of Physical Activity to Smoking Characteristics in Canadian Men and Women, Canadian Journal of Public Health 78(3)155-60, May-June 1987 Lazarus, NB, et al., Smoking and Body Mass in the Natural History of Physical Activity Prospective Evidence from the Alameda County Study, 1965-1974, American Journal of Preventive Medicine 5(3)127-35, May-June 1989Dishman, RK, et al., The Determinants of Physical Activity and Exercise, Public Health Reports 100(2)158-71, March-April 1985Winnail, SD, et al., Relationship Between Physical Activity Level and Cigarette, Smokeless Tobac co, and Marijuana Use Among Public High schooling Adolescents, Journal of School Health 65(10)438-442, December 1995http//www.holah.karoo.net/sampling.htmThe Effects of Tobacco Smoke and Nicotine on Cognition and the Brain, Gary E. Swan,Christina N. Lessov-SchlaggarOn thedivisionofattention A falsifying of the single channel hypothesis,D. Alan Allporta,Barbara AntonisaPatricia ReynoldsSmoking and attention A review and reformulation of the stimulus-filter hypothesis, Jon D. KasselCigarette smoking and cognitive performance, George J. Spilich, Lorraine June, Judith Renner.Smoking Rots the Brain Lowers Cognitive PerformanceNovember 29, 2012http//scitechdaily.com/smoking-rots-the-brain-lowers-cognitive-performance/1